Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Although the rate of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is decreasing, many older adults still experience them. They can be caused by the rupture of a blood vessel in the brain, a blood clot that blocks blood flow to part of the brain, or the gradual constriction of blood vessels in the brain secondary to athrosclerosis. In all these cases, brain tissue is deprived of adequate oxygen and cells die. Depending on the site of the CVA, and the promptness with which medical attention is sought, functional consequences can vary. Common outcomes include hemiplegia or hemiparesis, aphasia, hemianopsia, or other functional deficits.

There is growing understanding of the plasticity of the brain, with awareness that as long as treatment is provided, function will continue to improve after a CVA. Interventions focused on regaining muscle strength and control, and on retraining for accomplishment of daily tasks can lead to very positive outcomes.

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Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's Disease is a neurological disorder of unknown origin. It causes tremors, rigidity (especially when the individual is attempting to move), and, in some cases, dementia. A variety of medications are available to treat Parkinson's, although none is totally effective over time. Assistance in managing daily activities and retaining as much muscle strength and flexibility as possible can minimize functional deficits.

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Heart disease

Heart disease, from various causes, is quite common in later life. Exercise and diet are important aspects of prevention; exercise and energy conservation strategies can be very helpful in recovery.

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