ANT324

The Anthropology of Gender

A Human Diversity/ Women’s Studies Course

Fall 2006

 

 

Thursdays 6:00-9:50 pm
Professor:    Dr. Barbara G. Hoffman

Office:           CB 145

Phone/Voicemail:  216/687-3549

Office Hours:     T-TH 4:30-5:30,

                               others by appointment

email:    b.hoffman@csuohio.edu

 

Cartoon of wife firing husband

Required Text:                 

 

·        Gender in Cross-Cultural Perspective, Caroline B. Brettell and Carolyn F. Sargent, eds., 4th edition (B&S hereafter)  

(available CSU Bookstore & online)

Course Content

This course explores the cultural construction of gender: how different societies shape the meanings of sex and gender in different ways. We will look at a variety of human societies from an anthropological perspective which is neither feminist nor masculinist, but holistic and humanist, taking into account the evolution of the species in particular physical and social environments. We will see how ideas about gender have evolved as well. Humans have created many different definitions of "woman" and "man" over time, and humanity's conceptualizations of how sex and gender are related, and how the genders should interract, continue to vary in fascinating ways. What kinds of work do women do? What is appropriate for men? Are they equally valued or is one more important than the other? Why? Are there only two genders or more? How do these ideas from culture to culture? What impact is globalization having on the transformation of ideas about gender, both in this country and beyond?

 

By taking into account aspects of gender systems such as division of labor, stratification, gender roles, and their variation throughout the life cycle across cultures, this course investigates the range of human gender systems, and uses this knowledge as a filter through which to examine our own cultural configurations of gender. Through the research they will do for the final project in this class, students will consider what can be learned from the diversity of human gender systems, and will reflect on how global forces today are working to decrease the range of this form of social variation.

Evaluation

           

Students are evaluated on the basis of their active participation in the study and discussion of class topics and on the completion of a course project.

 

Participation

·        Participation is demonstrated through attendance and discussion of the specified topics, and through completion of assignments

 

·        Attendance will be taken randomly. More than TWO absences will result in the final grade being lowered one full point. Any absence results in loss of attendance credit for the period of absence, regardless of the reason. Late arrival or early departure from class will result in loss of attendance credit as well.

 

·        Students must read assignments in advance and be prepared to demonstrate their understanding of the assignment the day the reading is listed on the syllabus.

 

            Course Project (Click here for instructions)

·        For the course project, students may choose whether to write an 8-10 page research paper or to prepare a research report for an in-class Power Point presentation which will be submitted on both hardcopy and electronic media (email attachment, floppy, or CD-R).

 

·        All projects must be submitted on paper as well as digital media and will be subjected to online plagiarism detection.

 

·        As part of preparation for the final project, each student must consult one of the following approved websites: 

Ø      How to write a research paper: http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/557/01/

Ø      How to prepare a research report:  http://owl.english.purdue.edu/workshops/hypertext/reportW/

 

o       If, after consulting these websites, you are at all uncertain of your mastery of the techniques of writing an adequate research paper or preparing a research report, you are urged to seek remedial help at the Writing Center (RT 105). You are responsible for proper structure, use of sources, citation format and bibliography, as well as spelling, punctuation and grammar. USE THE SPELL AND GRAMMAR CHECK FUNCTIONS ON YOUR WORD PROCESSOR.

 

            Grade Distribution:

 

Participation: 40%

 

Final project: 60%

 

Grading Scale:

95-100              4.0        A

90-94                3.7        A-

87-89                3.3        B+

84-86                3.0        B

80-83                2.7        B-

75-79                2.3        C+

70-74                2.0        C

60-69                1.0        D

                        0-59                  0.0        F

 

 

 

 

 

Course Outline:  (subject to change- students are advised to check the website before every class)

 

Aug 31-

Sept 7        Lecture: Gender vs. Sex: the Anthropological Perspective on Gender & Biology               

 

LINK TO INTRODUCTION TO GENDER PART I SLIDES HERE

LINK TO INTRODUCTION TO GENDER PART II SLIDES HERE

Film: Brain Sex: Brain Architecture & the Sexes (Rental: FHS, 51 min.)

 
Sept 14          Lecture 1: Gender in Human Evolution & Prehistory

Articles to be discussed:

1-Ehrenberg - "The Role of Women in Human Evolution" (in B&S)

2-Conkey - “The Archaeology of Gender Today: New Vistas, New Challenges” (in B&S)

3-Galloway – “Where Have All the Menstrual Huts Gone? The Invisibility of Menstrual Seclusion in the Late Prehistoric Southeast” (in B&S)

LINK TO GENDER, EVOLUTION & PREHISTORY SLIDES HERE

        Lecture 2: Gender in Foraging Band Societies

 

 

LINK TO GENDER AMONG HUNTER-GATHERER SLIDES HERE

 

Sept 21Film: N!ai, The Story of a !Kung Woman (CSU  01725, 60 min.)

 

Lecture 1: Gender in Tribal Societies

                        Film: Maasai Women (CSU 01316, 52 min.)

LINK TO GENDER IN TRIBAL SOCIETIES SLIDES HERE

Lecture 2: Gender in Stratified Chiefdoms                      

Article: Guenter and Freidel  – “Warriors and Rulers: Royal Women of the Classic Maya” (in B&S)

LINK TO GENDER IN CHIEFDOMS SLIDES HERE

 

Sept 28       Lecture 1: Gender in Archaic and Agricultural States

                        Film: The Inca: Worlds of the Ancestors

LINK TO GENDER IN ARCHAIC & AGRICULTURAL STATES SLIDES HERE

Lecture 2: Gender in Industrialized States

 

ASSIGNMENT: For Thursday, September 28th, write a brief essay (3-4 pages typed) comparing the following aspects of gender across the specific societies we have studied so far that fit these societal types: foraging bands, tribes, chiefdoms, and states.

 

a. kinship & descent

b. marriage & postmarital residence

c. division of labor

d. gender stratification

.

Oct 5 -12 Lecture 1: Domestic Worlds and Public Worlds

Articles to be discussed:

Lamphere – “The Domestic Sphere of Women and the Public World of Men: The Strengths and Limitations of an Anthropological Dichotomy” (in B&S)

Townsend – “Fatherhood and the Mediating Role of Women” (in B&S)

 

 LINK TO DOMESTIC-PUBLIC DICHOTOMY SLIDES HERE

 

LINK TO TOWNSEND SLIDES HERE 

 

Lecture 2: Equality & Inequality: The Sexual Division of Labor and Gender Stratification

                        Film: Kypseli (CSU 03888, 41 min.)

LINK TO GREECE MAP HERE

LINK TO ISLAND OF THERA (SANTORINI) MAP HERE

LINK TO SEXUAL DIVISION OF LABOR AND GENDER STRATIFICATION SLIDES HERE

    Lecture: The Cultural Construction of Gender and Personhood

LINK TO GENDER AND PERSONHOOD SLIDES HERE

 
 

Oct 19    

 Lecture 1: Culture, Sexuality & the Body: Gendering the Body

Film: Womanhood & Circumcision (CSU 01467, 30 min.)

LINK TO MAKING MAASAI MEN AND WOMEN SLIDES HERE

 

Articles to be discussed:

Gilmore – “The Manhood Puzzle” (in B&S) [CORAL]

                        Herdt – “Rituals of Manhood: Male Initiation in Papua New Guinea” (in B&S) [PETER]

 

LINK TO MANHOOD PUZZLE SLIDES HERE

 

Oct 26     

Lecture 1: Gender, Property & the State

Articles to be discussed:

Ryan – “Encountering the State: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Women’s Political Experience” (in B&S) [KAITLIN]

 

Stone & James – “Dowry Bride-Burning and Female Power in India [RYAN]

 

Weismantel -- "Cities of Women" (in B&S) [LINDA]

LINK TO DOWRY BRIDE-BURNING SLIDES HERE

 

 Lecture: Gender, Household and Kinship

 

Article to be discussed: Stack – “Domestic Networks: ‘Those You Count On” (in B&S) [ANGELA]

LINK TO DOMESTIC NETWORKS SLIDES HERE

 

 

 Nov 2    Lecture: Gender, Ritual and Religion

 

Articles to be discussed:

Gottleib – “From Pollution to Love Magic: The New Anthropology of Menstruation” (in B&S) [DONNA]

Abu-Lughod – “Is There a Muslim Sexuality? Changing Constructions of Sexuality in Egyptian Bedouin Weddings” (in B&S) [CAROL]

 

Boddy – “Spirit Possession and Gender Complementarity: Zar in Rural Northern Sudan” (in B&S) [DAVID]

McIntosh – “’Tradition’ and Threat: Women’s Obscenity in Giriama Funerary Rituals”  (in B&S) [NICKI]

 

Films: A Balinese Trance Seance, Jero Tapakan: Stories in the Life of a Balinese Healer

LINK TO ALTERNATIVE SEXUALITIES SLIDES HERE

LINK TO ANTHROPOLOGY OF MENSTRUATION SLIDES HERE

  LINK TO ABU-LUGHOD ARTICLE SLIDES HERE

                      

           

 Nov 9           NO CLASS - INSTRUCTOR ATTENDING CONFERENCE

 

 

 Nov 16          Lecture 1: Gender, Politics, and Reproduction

 

Articles to be discussed:

Davis-Floyd – “Gender and Ritual: Giving Birth the American Way” (in B&S) [KELLY]

Ragoné – “Surrogate Motherhood: Rethinking Biological Models, Kinship and Family (in B&S)

 

                       Film:  Nyamakuta

                       

LINK TO REPRODUCTION, POLITICS & GENDER SLIDES 

 

Guest Lecture: Midwifery in the US

 

LINK TO GENDER & DEVELOPMENT SLIDES HERE

 

 

NOV 23 NO CLASS - THANKSGIVING!

 

Nov  30     Lecture 1:  Gender and culture change

Film: With These Hands

LINK TO GENDER & CULTURE CHANGE SLIDES HERE

 

 

Dec 7 Project Presentations - Papers Due

 

 

Dec 14 Final class meeting