| STANDARD FORM | NAME | QUANTIFIER | COPULA | DISTRIBUTES | MNEMONIC-SENTENCE |
| All S are P | A | All | are | S | Any Student |
| No S are P | E | No | are | S and P (both) | Earning B's |
| Some S are P | I | Some | are | (none) | Is Not |
| Some S are not P | O | Some | are not | P | On Probation |
S and P are terms. They are the noun phrases that are the logical SUBJECT and the logical PREDICATE of the proposition. The subject starts with the word after the quantifier and ends with the word before the copula. The predicate starts with the word after the copula and ends at the end of the sentence.
A term is DISTRIBUTED if the proposition applies to everything described by the term. The A and E distribute their subjects and the E and O their predicates.
The QUALITY of a proposition is either affirmative or negative. A proposition is NEGATIVE if the quantifier is NO or the copula is ARE NOT. A proposition is AFFIRMATIVE if it is not negative. The E and O are negative and the A and I are affirmative.
The QUANTITY of a proposition is either universal or particular. A proposition is UNIVERSAL if its quantifier is ALL or NO. A proposition is particular if its quantifier is SOME. The A and E are universal and the I and O are particular.
Click here for help on the relationships among ordinary English and standard forms.