U.S. Tourism, Memory, and Identity

 

 

HIS 393/593                 

Spring 2004

Dr. J. Mark Souther

Cleveland State University

Class Meetings:             MC411             MWF 11:00-12:05

Office Hours:                 RT 1904            MW 1:15-2:30, or by appointment

Phone:  687-3970

Email:  m.souther@csuohio.edu

 

This course considers the role of tourism in American society and culture from the early nineteenth to the early twenty-first century.  It emphasizes how historical memory shapes tourist attractions and how tourism shapes local, regional, national, racial, and ethnic identity.  We will examine Americans’ motives for choosing various destinations—retreat and spiritual uplift, health and recreation, historical understanding, celebration and commemoration, multicultural exoticism, and entertainment.  We will also trace the development of numerous tourist destinations, including seaside and mountain resorts, national parks, natural springs, religious retreats, amusement parks and theme parks, battlefields, living history museums, preserved or reinvented historic sites, gambling and vice destinations, and urban entertainment districts. 

 

Students should expect a combination of slide-based lectures and class discussion every day.  In the spirit of the CSU history department's Social History and the City initiative, when appropriate, we will explore examples of leisure sites in Cleveland, Akron, and Northeast Ohio. On some days we may begin with a short reading quiz.  This means that regular preparation and attendance are essential to students’ class participation expectations.  The course will include a midterm and a final examination, as well as a course project.

 

Required Texts

 

Jane S. Desmond, Staging Tourism:  Bodies on Display from Waikiki to Sea World

(Chicago:  University of Chicago Press, 2001)

John Hannigan, Fantasy City:  Pleasure and Profit in the Postmodern Metropolis

(London and New York:  Routledge, 1999)

Hal K. Rothman, Devil’s Bargains:  Tourism in the Twentieth-Century American West

(Lawrence:  University Press of Kansas, 1998)

Marguerite S. Shaffer, See America First:  Tourism and National Identity, 1880-1940

(Washington:  Smithsonian Institution Press, 2001)

Jim Weeks, Gettysburg:  Memory, Market, and an American Shrine

(Princeton:  Princeton University Press, 2003)

Readings on Electronic Course Reserve (ECR)

 

Assignments

 

Class Participation:  20%

Class participation is rooted in careful preparation for each class meeting.  I assume that such preparation will encourage active discussion in class.  This portion of the grade is calculated based on students’ performance on multiple in-class quizzes taken at the beginning of class meetings.  At the end of the semester, I will determine class participation based on the average of quiz grades.  I will drop the lowest quiz grade.  No make-up quizzes will be given.  Therefore, regular attendance and preparation are essential.

 

Midterm:  25%

This examination will cover all assigned readings and lectures through Week 6.  The exam will consist of five short identification terms (which students will choose from a list of eight terms) and one short essay (which students will choose from two provided essay topics).  The short identification section requires students to provide a definition as well as the significance of each term to that week’s material.  It will comprise 40% of the examination grade.  The essay is designed to encourage analysis of one or more themes that run through multiple weeks’ material.  It will comprise the remaining 60% of the exam grade.

 

Final:  25%

This examination will cover all assigned readings and lectures for the entire course (except that the short identification terms will come exclusively from Weeks 7-15).  The exam will consist of eight terms (which students will choose from a list of twelve terms) and one well-developed essay (which students will choose from two provided essay topics).  As with the midterm, the short identification section constitutes 40% and the essay 60% of the exam grade.

 

Paper:  30%

Each student will prepare a ten-page paper (approx. 2,500 words) in which they explore a site of tourism, recreation, and/or leisure in Cleveland, Akron, or elsewhere in Northeast Ohio that corresponds to any of the types of attractions covered in the course, using sources found in CSU Special Collections or the Photographic Division of the Cleveland Public Library, supplemented by appropriate books, newspaper articles, and other sources.  Students should consult at least one scholarly book or at least three scholarly articles to help place local sites into their broader context.  As part of this project, students will select and digitize at least six photos or other illustrations in Special Collections to incorporate into their paper.  These images will become available on CSU's Cleveland Memory Project and will ultimately form the foundation for a new history department based Web site called “Recreation, Leisure, and Tourism in Northeast Ohio.” In the essay, students must formulate a clear thesis and support it in a well-argued, clearly organized paper.  Footnotes must be used to document the origin of ideas in your paper.  They should observe the style contained in the Chicago Manual of Style.1

 

                        Key Dates:

                        Fri., Feb. 6        Special Collections orientation

                        Mon., Mar. 29    Submit digitized images

                        Mon., Apr. 5      Create Web pages together

                        Fri., May 7        Paper due

 

Graduate Students

Graduate students will prepare a 15- to 20-page essay in place of the 10-page essay listed above and should begin with a brief exploration of the historiography of American tourism before moving to the specific topic.

 

Academic Integrity

Using someone else’s ideas or phrasing and representing those ideas or phrasing as our own, either on purpose or through carelessness, is a serious offense known as plagiarism. “Ideas or phrasing” includes written or spoken material ranging from whole papers and paragraphs to sentences and phrases. “Someone else” can mean a professional source, such as a published writer or critic in a book, magazine, encyclopedia, or journal; an electronic resource such as material we discover on the World Wide Web; another student at our school or anywhere else; and a paper-writing “service” (online or otherwise) which offers to sell written papers for a fee.

 

Source:  Capitol Community College’s guide to plagiarism (based on the MLA style):  http://webster.commnet.edu/mla/plagiarism.shtml

 

Schedule

 

Week 1, January 21-23

Introduction

 

Week 2, January 26-28-30

The Industrial Revolution, Railroads, & the Discovery of Nature

Sears, Sacred Places, “Introduction” and “‘Doing’ Niagara Falls,” 3-30, ECR

Rothman, Devil’s Bargains, 50-80

 

Week 3, February 2-4-6

19th-Century Seaside Resorts, Mountain Retreats, & Natural Springs

Sterngass, First Resorts, “The Creation of Saratoga Springs” and “The Revival of

Newport,” 7-74, ECR

 

Fri., Feb. 6 -- Meet in CSU Special Collections for orientation (3rd floor library)

Week 4, February 9-11-13

The Rise of Modern Tourism and National Identity

Shaffer, See America First, 1-129

Weeks, Gettysburg, 1-114

 

Week 5, February 18-20

The Industrial City & the Rise of Mass Resorts, 1870s-1920s

Sterngass, First Resorts, “The Public Resort,” “The Commercialization of

Saratoga Springs,” and “That Was Coney As We Loved It,“ 112-181, 229-262, ECR

 

No Class on Mon., Feb. 16

 

Week 6, February 23-25-27

Civic Celebration, Moral Transgression, & Urban Tourism, 1870s-1920s

Cocks, Doing the Town, “An Individuality All Its Own” and “The Noble Spectacle,”

143-203, ECR

Glassberg, Sense of History, “Celebrating the City,” 61-85, ECR

Mitchell, All on a Mardi Gras Day, “Northerners,” 82-95, ECR

Long, “A Notorious Attraction,” in Starnes, Southern Journeys, 15-41, ECR

 

Week 7, March 1-3-5

Auto-Tourism, National Parks, & Motels & Campgrounds, 1910s-1950s

Belasco, Americans on the Road, “Itinerary,” “Gypsying,” and “Cars vs. Trains,” 3-39, ECR

Brown, The Wild East, “Drive-In Wilderness,” 174-209, ECR

Rothman, Devil’s Bargains, 143-167

Shaffer, See America First, 130-168, 221-260

Weeks, Gettysburg, 115-170

 

MIDTERM EXAM, March 5

 

Week 8, March 8-10-12

Indians, Islanders, & Ethnic Tourism, 1890s-1950s

Desmond, Staging Tourism, 1-139

Rothman, Devil's Bargains, 70-78 (review)

Shaffer, See America First, 55-59 (review), 68-78 (review), 189-196, 280-282, 294-295

 
Week 9, March 22-24-26

Historic Preservation, Invented Pasts, & Heritage Tourism, 1920s-1950s

Yuhl, “Rich and Tender Remembering,” in Brundage, Where These Memories

Grow, 227-248, ECR

Rothman, Devil’s Bargains, 81-112

Hoelscher, Heritage on Stage, “‘Swisscapes’ on Main Street,” 181-220, ECR

 

Week 10, March 29-31-April 2

Neon Cities & Magic Kingdoms:  Las Vegas, Miami Beach, & Disney World

Rothman, Devil’s Bargains, 287-370

Moore, “The Ta’am of Tourism,” 193-212, ECR

Friedman, “The Luxury of Lapidus,” 1-9, ECR

Wallace, “Mickey Mouse History:  Portraying the Past at Disney World,” 33-57,

ECR

 

Week 11, April 5-7-9

Americans Abroad:  Europe, Latin America, and the Caribbean

Levenstein, Seductive Journey, excerpts TBA, ECR

 

Mon., Apr. 5 – Meet in Library Room 502 to create Web pages

 

Week 12, April 12-14-16

Racial Encounters in the Sea Islands, Caribbean, & Southern Plantations

Shannon and Taylor, “Astride the Plantation Gates,” in Starnes, Southern

Journeys, 177-195, ECR

Eichstedt & Small, Representations of Slavery, “Segregated Knowledge” and

“Toward Relative Incorporation,” 170-230, ECR

 

Week 13, April 19-21-23

Reinventing Cities:  Entertainment, Heritage, & Urban Identity

Hannigan, Fantasy City, 13-63, 81-100, 151-172, 189-200

Souther, “Making ‘America’s Most Interesting City,’” in Starnes, Southern

Journeys, 114-137, ECR

 

Week 14, April 26-28-30

Selling Out?  Tourism & Social Inequality

Rothman, Devil’s Bargains, 168-286

 

Week 15, May 3-5-7

Cultural Tourism, Memory, & Public History

Handler & Gable, The New History in an Old Museum, 170-207, ECR

Weeks, Gettysburg, 171-226

 

Course Project Due May 7

 

Final Exam Friday, May 14, 8:30-10:30 AM

 



1 Susan Smith, An Example of a Footnote, First Usage in a Paper (Cleveland:  Fictitious Publishing Company, 1996), 48.  Also see, The Chicago Manual of Style:  The Essential Guide for Writers, Editors, and Publishers, 14th ed. (Chicago and London:  The University of Chicago Press, 1993), 529-635.